Skin Care

Skin changes after injury

The role skin plays

The skin has two layers. The outer layer, called the epidermis, serves to protect the body from infections and germs. The second layer, called the dermis, contains blood vessels, nerves, hair roots, fat cells, and sweat glands that keep the skin alive and healthy. Under the dermis is a fatty cushion that lies on top of the muscle and bone.

The skin has many jobs. It helps to protect the body from germs and the harmful rays of the sun, helps to control body temperature, and helps a person to feel such things as hot, cold, pain and pressure.

After an injury, the skin will still protect the body, but there may be changes in some of the other functions.

  • Because there may be limited or absent feeling in certain areas, the skin will not be able to tell a person if pain is present or if an injury such as a burn, bruise, or cut has occurred.
  • Lack of movement decreases blood flow to the skin which makes it less healthy and more apt to form sores.
  • Skin sores can develop due to pressure, friction, moisture, burns, or even accidents. They can happen without a person knowing it when sensation to the area is absent.
  • Sores can easily become infected and may channel into deeper levels of muscle and bone.
  • Healing can be difficult and may lead to future problems that require surgery and long hospital stays.

You may be at a higher risk for developing skin breakdown if you have certain conditions that include:

  • Anemia
  • Cancer
  • Chronic pain
  • Diabetes
  • Heart disease
  • Previous wounds
  • Spasms that interfere with daily life
  • Swelling

In this section

  • Causes and signs: Common causes and signs of skin issues, including pressure sores and irritation.
  • Padding and positioning: How proper padding and positioning can help prevent pressure sores and support skin health.
  • Skin checks: How to perform regular skin checks to identify potential problems early and prevent complications.
  • Special concerns: Additional considerations for skin care, often related to absent or limited movement and feeling or sensation.
  • Treatment for skin issues: Treatments for common skin problems, including pressure ulcers and rashes.
  • Weight shifts: The importance of weight shifts in preventing skin breakdown and maintaining skin integrity.

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