Devices to improve limb and joint function
The terms splinting and bracing refer to the use of an external device designed to apply force to a limb or joint to either control or prevent motion or to improve alignment for better function.
Splints and braces provide a gentle stretch to the limb to maintain proper positioning and help prevent issues. Common ways to address positioning needs include splinting, serial casting, medications, stretching, and positioning.
Challenges from prolonged immobility
Prolonged immobility and impaired positioning result in decreased range of motion of joints and limbs which can lead to several serious issues if left unaddressed, including:
- Joint contracture, when the joint is unable to be moved
- Skin breakdown
- Impaired circulation
- Further edema and swelling
- Discomfort or pain
- Decreased use of limb during functional activities
Troubleshooting splints and braces
Here we offer general suggestions for problem-solving common issues with splints and braces. Always follow the instructions of your healthcare provider or therapist.
After a medical complication
- In the case of a medical change, such as storming, infection, allergic reaction, and pain response, the splint or brace should be discontinued as wear may lead to additional discomfort.
- Consult your healthcare provider or therapist when a medical change has occurred to determine when the splint or brace can be worn again.
Difficult to apply
- Gently stretch the limb first.
- Use two hands and follow application instructions from your therapist or healthcare provider.
- Your therapist should have assigned a wear time. If there is related pain, consult your healthcare provider or therapist for an alternative schedule. If advised, gradually increase the wear schedule in small increments to improve tolerance.
- Check to make sure the skin is staying free of breakdown.
- Be sure to clarify when the splint needs to be worn during a specific activity or for a prolonged stretch during sleeping hours.
Edema/swelling
- Try elevating the limb for an hour or so prior to brace or splint application to decrease swelling.
- If the limb continues to be swollen or swelling increases, stop splint use and consult your health care provider or therapist.
Redness or skin breakdown
- Gently stretch the limb first.
- Always ensure skin is dry before applying.
- Using two sets of hands can sometimes be helpful for proper application.
- Make sure the splint or brace was applied properly and assess if the skin breakdown is due to improper wear.
- Take off the splint or brace. If redness disappears after a few hours, attempt use again as scheduled and reassess skin. If skin breakdown continues or worsens, discontinue use until skin is healed and seek advice from your healthcare provider or therapist.
Soiled equipment
- Follow manufacturer’s instructions for prefabricated splints or braces.
- If a therapist made the splint or brace, they should advise on proper care.
- As a general rule, do not wash equipment in washing machine. Instead, hand wipe with gentle soap cleaner regularly and when soiled.